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Now that twenty-five years have elapsed since the end of the convulsed period that culminated with the military coup in 1973, we have evidence that both the United States and the Soviet Union played significant roles in Chile. Moreover, this was neither the work of chance nor the design of megalomaniac conspirators, but part of a struggle in which all the forces of the country were committed. This international confrontation was part and parcel of the domestic intellectual and political confrontation. Leaving aside other aspects and dimensions of the complex Chilean political conflict of the decade 1963-1973, and which of course are important, the following reflections focus exclusively on the economic contributions and the analyses of external collaborators such as United States and the Soviet Union.